Which of the following concepts is included in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

The concept of affection is included in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, particularly within the third level known as "Love and Belonging." This level emphasizes the importance of social relationships and emotional bonds with others, which include affection, friendship, and a sense of belonging. Affection plays a crucial role in fulfilling our interpersonal needs, making it a fundamental aspect of human motivation according to Maslow's theory.

The other options, while they may pertain to human experiences or feelings, do not specifically relate to the levels that Maslow defined as essential for psychological well-being in his hierarchy. Independence, ambition, and isolation do not represent the same kind of fundamental need for connection and acceptance that affection does in this context.